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RESM6011 - Applied Research Methods (ARM): Correlational Methods 2023-24

Accessed on: 05 May 2025 05:23:55



Module overview

Topics covered will include: • The strengths and weaknesses of correlational designs • How to construct a questionnaire • Psychometrics in classical test theory (including reliability, validity, and exploratory factor analysis) • Correlation analyses (Bivariate correlation, partial correlation, and non-parametric correlation) • Multiple linear regression (including hierarchical regression) • Logistic regression (including binary and multinomial logistic regression) • Extensions to regression using mediation and moderation Sessions will be structured to enable an understanding of the appropriate use of and assumptions relating to analyses, the recommended sample size to ensure sufficient power for a given effect size, a step-by-step guide to carrying out analyses in SPSS, interpreting SPSS output, and how to report results. Employability Skills The transferable skills you will develop during this module include: • Research and Inquiry - Research and Inquiry underpin the formulation of well-informed new ideas and a creative approach to problem resolution and entrepreneurial behaviours • Academic - Academic attributes are the tools that sustain an independent capacity to critically understand a discipline and apply knowledge • Communication Skills - Communication Skills encompass an individual’s ability to demonstrate knowledge, and to express ideas with confidence and clarity to a variety of audiences • Reflective Learner - The Reflective Learner is capable of the independent reflection necessary to develop their learning and continuously meet the challenge of pursuing excellence Alignment with Research Development Framework (RDF) and Transferable skills acquired (RDF employability lens): Sub domain A1 (Knowledge base) Knowledge of: • The methods and experimental techniques appropriate for research design • Literacy and numeracy skills and language abilities appropriate for research Behaviour: • Identifies, applies and develops methods and experimental techniques appropriate for research projects Sub domain A2 (Cognitive abilities) Behaviour: • Analyses and evaluates findings using appropriate methods • Recognises and validates problems; formulates and applies solutions to a range of research problems One of the pre-requisites for PSYC8042. The module assumes a level of prior knowledge of statistical methods and SPSS equivalent to that provided during an undergraduate degree in Psychology.


Details

School Module Code Credit Points Level
School of Psychology RESM6011 10 Level 7

Staff

Module Lead
Sarah Kirby

Requisites

Requisites are modules you must have before or at the same time as this module.

For RESM6011 there are no requisites.

Aims

The purpose of this module is to refresh and build upon statistical knowledge and skills acquired during undergraduate research methods training. This correlational methods module is divided into six sessions that cover relevant methodological concepts used in applied psychology and hands-on experience using SPSS. Sessions will be primarily in-person with some supplementary online materials to support independent study, and will comprise lectures, SPSS demonstrations, quizzes and activities to practice what has been learnt.


Learning Outcomes


Reference Learning Outcome
LO1 critically evaluate the strengths and limitations of correlational research designs.
LO2 evaluate whether the use of correlational techniques is appropriate.
LO3 apply relevant factors in operationalising variables and designing questionnaires.
LO4 demonstrate practical skills in psychometric evaluation of the reliability and validity of questionnaire data
LO5 apply and report correlational techniques appropriately, with specific reference to: Applying parametric assumptions and data checking requirements, sample size calculations, carrying out relevant analyses using SPSS, Interpreting and communicating results of analyses at a professional level

Syllabus summary

1. Correlational designs and questionnaire development. 2. Bivariate correlation, partial correlation, and non-parametric correlation. 3. Principal component analysis and exploratory factor analysis. 4. Multiple Linear Regression (including hierarchical regression) & Logistic regression (binary and multinomial). 5. Interactions in regression: Moderation analysis. 6. Simple path analysis using regression: Mediation analysis.


Learning and Teaching Summary

Learning and teaching methods

This is a 10 CATS (5 ECTS) module, which translates into a total study time of 100 hours. These 100 hours are split into 18 teaching hours and 82 hours of independent study. The 18 teaching hours will be spread out across six sessions (3 hours per session). Sessions will be primarily in-person with some supplementary online materials to support independent study, and will comprise lectures, SPSS demonstrations, quizzes and activities during which you will be able to gain hands-on experience using the techniques described in the lectures, and give you the opportunity to reinforce your learning from lectures and independent study.


Study Time

Type Hours
Completion of assessment task 24 hrs
Lecture 12 hrs
Practical classes and workshops 6 hrs
Preparation for scheduled sessions 12 hrs
Wider reading or practice 46 hrs
Total study time 100 hrs


Assessment and Feedback Summary


Assessments


Formative

This is how we’ll give you feedback as you are learning. It is not a formal test or exam.

Method Contribution(%) Outcome Group Work
Blackboard tasks 0 % No

Summative

This is how we’ll formally assess what you have learned in this module.

Method Contribution(%) Outcome Group Work
Written assignment 100 % LO1, LO2, LO3, LO4, LO5 No

Referral

This is how we’ll assess you if you don’t meet the criteria to pass this module.

Method Contribution(%) Outcome Group Work
Assessment 100 % LO1, LO2, LO3, LO4, LO5 No


Repeat Year


Internal & External


Costs

Printing and Photocopying Costs

Students are expected to fund their own printing and photocopying costs, if any.

Cost: No additional costs.


Textbooks

Essential texts are available on the reserve list in the library. However due to demand, students may prefer to buy their own copies. These can be purchased from any source. The library will also have at least one copy of textbooks listed as additional background reading , or alternatively you may wish to purchase your own copies.

Cost: No additional costs.



Health & Safety


no identifiable risks


Resources

Optional

An introduction to statistics in psychology

Textbook

Authors: Howitt D. & Cramer D..

Edition: 6th.

Year of publication: 2014.

City of publication: New York.

Textbook Publisher: Pearson.

City of publication: New York.



Introduction to Research Methods in Psychology

Textbook

Authors: Howitt, D & Cramer, D..

Edition: 4th.

Year of publication: 2014.

City of publication: Harlow,England; New York.

Textbook Publisher: Pearson.

City of publication: Harlow,England; New York.



Introduction to statistics and SPSS in Psychology

Textbook

Authors: Mayers, A.

Year of publication: 2013.

City of publication: Harlow.

Textbook Publisher: Pearson.

City of publication: Harlow.



Multiple regression: Testing and interpreting interactions

Textbook

Authors: Aiken, L. S., & West, S. G..

Year of publication: 1991.

City of publication: Newbury Park, CA.

Textbook Publisher: Sage.

City of publication: Newbury Park, CA.



Quantitative Psychological Research

Textbook

Authors: Clark-Carter, D.

Edition: 3rd.

Year of publication: 2010.

City of publication: Hove.

Textbook Publisher: Psychology Press.

City of publication: Hove.



Research methods for clinical and health psychology

Textbook

Authors: Marks, D. F. & Yardley, L..

Year of publication: 2004.

City of publication: London.

Textbook Publisher: Sage.

City of publication: London.



Essential

Discovering Statistics Using SPSS

Textbook

Authors: Field, A..

Edition: 5th.

Year of publication: 2018.

City of publication: London.

Textbook Publisher: Sage.

City of publication: London.



Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association

Textbook

Authors: APA.

Edition: 6th.

Year of publication: 2010.



Key

Introduction to Mediation, Moderation, and Conditional Process Analysis: ARegression-Based Approach

Textbook

Authors: Hayes A F.

Year of publication: 2013.

Textbook Publisher: The Guilford Press.



Using Multivariate Statistics

Textbook

Authors: Tabachnick, B.G. & Fidell L.S..

Edition: 6th.

Year of publication: 2014.

City of publication: Harlow.

Textbook Publisher: Pearson.

City of publication: Harlow.



GPower

General Resource

Description: You will need to download the statistical power analysis software GPower (for sample size calculations) from here: http://www.psychologie.hhu.de/arbeitsgruppen/allgemeine-psychologie-und-arbeitspsychologie/gpower.html.



PROCESS macro plugin for SPSS

General Resource

Description: You will also need to download the PROCESS macro plugin for SPSS from file from Andrew Hayes’ website: http://www.afhayes.com/introduction-to-mediation-moderation-and-conditional-process-analysis.html Then you have to install the file in administrator mode on your computer. Andy Field explains how to do this in a step by step guide here: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RqkGMqDU20Q.



SPSS

General Resource

Description: You will require access to SPSS, which is available on the University’s computer workstations and can be downloaded to your own computer for use during your studies. This is available through iSolutions: https://www.software.soton.ac.uk/.




Note for students: If you have any questions about the module information, please contact the module instructor.

Note for staff: Module information is taken from the modules database Worktribe. If you want to make any changes, please contact Curriculum Quality Assurance team.